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d여기에서 Leaf Area: How to measure Leaf Area Index with the LAI-2200 – lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer 주제에 대한 세부정보를 참조하세요
An overview of measuring Leaf Area Index with the LAI-2200 from LI-COR Biosciences.
For more information, visit www.licor.com/2200
lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
(PDF) Performance of the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer in …
PDF | The LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (Li-Cor, Inc., Lincoln, NE) was tested at six experimental plots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in central.
Source: www.researchgate.net
Date Published: 2/12/2022
View: 7354
Protocol – LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer – KBS LTER
From transmittance at all five zenith angles, the LAI-2000 calculates foliage amount (leaf area index, LAI) and foliage orientation (mean foliage tilt angle, …
Source: lter.kbs.msu.edu
Date Published: 5/4/2022
View: 6822
LAI-2200C – Plant Canopy Analyzer
Indirect LAI Measurements. The LAI-2200C Plant Canopy Analyzer calculates Leaf Area Index. (LAI) and other canopy structure attributes from radiation …
Source: labinstruments.ru
Date Published: 7/14/2022
View: 8524
Performance of the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer in …
The LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (Li-Cor, Inc., Lincoln, NE) was tested at six experimental plots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in central Sweden at …
Source: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Date Published: 1/22/2021
View: 805
LAI-2200 – Plant Canopy Analyzer
The LAI-2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer computes Leaf Area Index (LAI) and a variety of other canopy structure attributes from radiation mea-.
Source: www.echokr.com
Date Published: 2/3/2021
View: 9142
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주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 Leaf Area: How to measure Leaf Area Index with the LAI-2200. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
주제에 대한 기사 평가 lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer
- Author: LI-COR Biosciences, Environmental
- Views: 조회수 9,456회
- Likes: 좋아요 25개
- Date Published: 2010. 2. 17.
- Video Url link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uJGQUD6eP8
What is LAI 2000?
From transmittance at all five zenith angles, the LAI-2000 calculates foliage amount (leaf area index, LAI) and foliage orientation (mean foliage tilt angle, MTA). In practice, a number of below-canopy readings are usually made to improve the spatial average.
What is canopy Analyser?
The LAI-2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer computes Leaf Area Index (LAI) and a variety of other canopy structure attributes from radiation mea- surements made with a “fish-eye” optical sensor. Measurements made above and below the canopy are used to determine the interception of light by the canopy at 5 zenith angles.
How do you measure Lai?
Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is used as a measure in hundreds of studies on forests, crops, climate and the environment, is calculated as half the area of all leaves per unit area of ground. It is measured as the leaf area (m2 ) per ground area (m–2) and is unit-less.
How do you calculate canopy?
Canopy cover is calculated from the number of squares on the mirror filled with vegetation. The angular densiometer has a convex mirror, a compass, a bubble level, and a fixed eyesight. It produces a clearer image and a more exact estimation of canopy cover than the convex spherical densiometer.
How is canopy density measured?
The most effective way to determine the canopy density is to divide the study area into many small equal-sized units through rasterization. In each raster cell, you compare the number of above ground points to the total number of points.
How do you calculate canopy volume?
Canopy volume was calculated in two different ways: (1) the sum of individual canopy pixels’ volume within the tree boundary, where volume of the canopy pixel can be calculated by multiplying pixel area and height of the pixel, and (2) using an allometric equation (Equation (1)) for tree volume with tree height and …
How do you calculate leaf area per plant?
Leaf area (A) can be simply calculated by multiplying the product of leaf length (L) and width (W) by a constant (i.e., the Montgomery parameter; MP).
How do we calculate leaf area index?
LAI can be determined directly by taking a statistically significant sample of foliage from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot and dividing it by the plot land surface area.
What is the unit of leaf area index?
Leaf area index is defined as the projected area of leaves over a unit of land (m2 m−2), so one unit of LAI is equivalent to 10,000 m2 of leaf area per hectare.
LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer
LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer
Active
In use from 2008-08-01 to 2013-10-31
Abstract
The amount of foliage in a vegetative canopy can be deduced from measurement of how quickly radiation is attenuated as it passes through the canopy. By measuring this attenuation at several angles from the zenith, foliage orientation information can be obtained. The LAI2000 measures the attenuation of diffuse sky radiation at five zenith angles simultaneously. The LAI-2050 optical sensor projects the image of nearly hemisphere view onto five detectors arranged in concentric rings. Thus if the sensor is level and viewing the sky, detector 1 will measure the brightness straight overhead, while detector 5 will measure the brightness of a ring centered at 68o zenith angle (22o above the horizon),subtending 13o.
A measurement with the LAI-2000 consists of a minimum of ten numbers: five of the numbers are signals from the five detectors when the optical sensor was above the vegetation, and the remaining five are the readings made by the sensor below the vegetation. For both the readings, the sensor is looking up at the sky. Five values of canopy transmittance are calculated from these readings by dividing corresponding pairs. For example if the detector reads 50 (units not important) above the canopy and 5 below, then the transmittance at that angle (centered at 70 ) is 5/50=0.10.From transmittance at all five zenith angles, the LAI-2000 calculates foliage amount (leaf area index, LAI) and foliage orientation (mean foliage tilt angle, MTA).In practice, a number of below-canopy readings are usually made to improve the spatial average.
Protocol
Components of LAI2000 LAI -2070 Control Unit contains the necessary electronics to measure, record and compute final results. It is powered by batteries and contains 64K of file storage space for recording measurements taken in the field. There are two BNC connectors for attaching (optional) LICOPR light sensors, and two LAI 2050 optical sensors. An RS-232 interface is used to transfer recorded data and calculations to a computer or printer. The control unit is powered by 6 D cells, which should provide 270 hours of continuous use (over 1 month at 8 hours per day).when battery life drops to 15%, a low battery indicator will be seen on the display. Carrying pack allows the operator to wear the control unit suspended from the shoulder/neck strap. The control unit is upside down in the pack, with the connectors accessible through the open end. LAI -2050 Optical Sensor contains a filter and a number of lenses, and should be protected against sudden impacts and intense vibrations. It is important that the outer lens be kept clean and unscratched. View caps are used to limit the sensor’s azimuthal fields of view. The solid view cap to protect the sensor when not in use. The Lens Brush, Cleaning solution and Lens cleaning paper should be used to keep the lens clean and dry. Two bubble Levels are used in leveling the sensor in circumstances requiring the sensor to be above the operator’s head. Two Rs-232 cables for connecting to control box to a DTE device such as computer and other cable for connecting the control box to a DCE device such as another LAI -2070 control box. 1000-90 Utilities Software contains a program ( COMM ) for downloading data from LAI2000 to computers. Steps for taking observations Connect an LAI -2050 sensor to the X connector. The X connector is on your left as you view the front panel keypad and display and the Y connector is on your right. Try to avoid direct sun and take measurements at dawn or dusk or during a cloudy day. Take observation on 3 randomly selected plants or spots per plot and flag them. Term “plants” is used for taking observation on individual plants like Switchgrass, Miscanthus, Poplars etc. while “spots” is used in reference to treatments grass mix (G7), old field (G9) and native prairies (G10). Switch on the control unit and press log on button to create a new file. It will show the file reference number and ask for WHAT and WHERE . For example for taking observations in block one in GLBRC fields it will look like;
FILE :1
Date: Time of observation
Where: G1R1 (Means Treatment & Replication number)
WHAT : P1 (Means Plant/spot number)
Take one above canopy and 3 below canopy observations at one spot. Use separate data sheet to record date, location, starting time, file number and sunlight conditions for your own reference. View results of the measurement in the field by pressing function FCT 27, which prompts for the number of file to be viewed. View mode shows the file in five parts or lists:
FILE :1
Date: Time of observation
Where: G1R1 (Means Treatment & Replication number)
WHAT : P1 (Means Plant/spot number)
LAI = 2.59(Leaf area index)
SEL =0.13 (Standard error of LAI )
DIFN =0.15 (Fraction of sky visible)
MTA =61 (Mean tilt angle)
SEM =5 (Standard error of MTA )
SMP =4 (Number of samples pairs used)
2*(S+1) =2.62 (Alternative LAI calculation)
Transferring data to computer Download FV2000 software from LICOR website Click on “Acquire” button in file menu or click on the “Acquire” button in the tool bar. Define the destination where you want to store the data. Make sure “convert to tab delimited” format is selected. Connect LAI2000 control unit to your PC. Use the 2000-02 RS-23 cable to connect the 25 pin male connector on the LAI console to a 9 pin serial to USB . Check the “Comm port” in system hardware and change the “Comm Port” at the top in the Acquire screen. Configure the LAI2000 by pressing “FCT 31” on the console and configure it for “BAUD=4800” “DATA BITS =8”, PARITY =NONE”, and “XON/ XOFF =NO”. Press “FCT 33 on the console, and configure it for “FORMAT: Standard”, and PRINT OBS :NO” Begin receiving data from control unit to PC by clicking “DOWNLOAD” button in the acquire dialog. The status line will show “Waiting for data” Start sending files by clicking “FCT 32” and enter range of file numbers you want to download. Now it will show “Printing file” with a number on the LAI200 console screen. To check the total number of files in the console press “FCT 21”. When it is finished click “Stop Comm and close FV 2000. If it may give you an error instead of “Printing file” as “DTR NOT TRUE”. It means it cannot connect so check the “Comm port”. To verify the file download, open destination file through notepad and look at the observations. For more information visit LICOR website Ceptometer to LAI -2000 comparison Direct comparisons of the ceptometer and the LAI-2000 were made on 14 Sep 2012 and throughout 2013. The ceptometer was used every 2 weeks, and every 4 weeks, simultaneous measurements were made with the LAI-2000. These comparisons included across-row as well as along-row measurements for corn and soybean.
Datatables
Author:
LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer
Applications On-site evaluation of LAI data in a variety of canopy types. User Instructions Connect an LAI-2050 sensor to the X connector. The X connector is on your left as you view the front panel keypad and display and the Y connector is on your right. Try to avoid direct sun and take measurements at dawn or dusk or during a cloudy day. Take observation on 3 randomly selected plants or spots per plot and flag them. Switch on the control unit and press log on button to create a new file. It will show the file reference number and ask for WHAT and WHERE. Take one above canopy and 3 below canopy observations at one spot. Use separate data sheet to record date, location, starting time, file number and sunlight conditions for your own reference. View results of the measurement in the field by pressing function FCT 27, which prompts for the number of file to be viewed. Contact Us
Director, ICAR-IIFSR Contact : 0121-2888711
Email Id: [email protected]
LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer
LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer
Active
In use from 2008-08-01 to 2013-10-31
Abstract
The amount of foliage in a vegetative canopy can be deduced from measurement of how quickly radiation is attenuated as it passes through the canopy. By measuring this attenuation at several angles from the zenith, foliage orientation information can be obtained. The LAI2000 measures the attenuation of diffuse sky radiation at five zenith angles simultaneously. The LAI-2050 optical sensor projects the image of nearly hemisphere view onto five detectors arranged in concentric rings. Thus if the sensor is level and viewing the sky, detector 1 will measure the brightness straight overhead, while detector 5 will measure the brightness of a ring centered at 68o zenith angle (22o above the horizon),subtending 13o.
A measurement with the LAI-2000 consists of a minimum of ten numbers: five of the numbers are signals from the five detectors when the optical sensor was above the vegetation, and the remaining five are the readings made by the sensor below the vegetation. For both the readings, the sensor is looking up at the sky. Five values of canopy transmittance are calculated from these readings by dividing corresponding pairs. For example if the detector reads 50 (units not important) above the canopy and 5 below, then the transmittance at that angle (centered at 70 ) is 5/50=0.10.From transmittance at all five zenith angles, the LAI-2000 calculates foliage amount (leaf area index, LAI) and foliage orientation (mean foliage tilt angle, MTA).In practice, a number of below-canopy readings are usually made to improve the spatial average.
Protocol
Components of LAI2000 LAI -2070 Control Unit contains the necessary electronics to measure, record and compute final results. It is powered by batteries and contains 64K of file storage space for recording measurements taken in the field. There are two BNC connectors for attaching (optional) LICOPR light sensors, and two LAI 2050 optical sensors. An RS-232 interface is used to transfer recorded data and calculations to a computer or printer. The control unit is powered by 6 D cells, which should provide 270 hours of continuous use (over 1 month at 8 hours per day).when battery life drops to 15%, a low battery indicator will be seen on the display. Carrying pack allows the operator to wear the control unit suspended from the shoulder/neck strap. The control unit is upside down in the pack, with the connectors accessible through the open end. LAI -2050 Optical Sensor contains a filter and a number of lenses, and should be protected against sudden impacts and intense vibrations. It is important that the outer lens be kept clean and unscratched. View caps are used to limit the sensor’s azimuthal fields of view. The solid view cap to protect the sensor when not in use. The Lens Brush, Cleaning solution and Lens cleaning paper should be used to keep the lens clean and dry. Two bubble Levels are used in leveling the sensor in circumstances requiring the sensor to be above the operator’s head. Two Rs-232 cables for connecting to control box to a DTE device such as computer and other cable for connecting the control box to a DCE device such as another LAI -2070 control box. 1000-90 Utilities Software contains a program ( COMM ) for downloading data from LAI2000 to computers. Steps for taking observations Connect an LAI -2050 sensor to the X connector. The X connector is on your left as you view the front panel keypad and display and the Y connector is on your right. Try to avoid direct sun and take measurements at dawn or dusk or during a cloudy day. Take observation on 3 randomly selected plants or spots per plot and flag them. Term “plants” is used for taking observation on individual plants like Switchgrass, Miscanthus, Poplars etc. while “spots” is used in reference to treatments grass mix (G7), old field (G9) and native prairies (G10). Switch on the control unit and press log on button to create a new file. It will show the file reference number and ask for WHAT and WHERE . For example for taking observations in block one in GLBRC fields it will look like;
FILE :1
Date: Time of observation
Where: G1R1 (Means Treatment & Replication number)
WHAT : P1 (Means Plant/spot number)
Take one above canopy and 3 below canopy observations at one spot. Use separate data sheet to record date, location, starting time, file number and sunlight conditions for your own reference. View results of the measurement in the field by pressing function FCT 27, which prompts for the number of file to be viewed. View mode shows the file in five parts or lists:
FILE :1
Date: Time of observation
Where: G1R1 (Means Treatment & Replication number)
WHAT : P1 (Means Plant/spot number)
LAI = 2.59(Leaf area index)
SEL =0.13 (Standard error of LAI )
DIFN =0.15 (Fraction of sky visible)
MTA =61 (Mean tilt angle)
SEM =5 (Standard error of MTA )
SMP =4 (Number of samples pairs used)
2*(S+1) =2.62 (Alternative LAI calculation)
Transferring data to computer Download FV2000 software from LICOR website Click on “Acquire” button in file menu or click on the “Acquire” button in the tool bar. Define the destination where you want to store the data. Make sure “convert to tab delimited” format is selected. Connect LAI2000 control unit to your PC. Use the 2000-02 RS-23 cable to connect the 25 pin male connector on the LAI console to a 9 pin serial to USB . Check the “Comm port” in system hardware and change the “Comm Port” at the top in the Acquire screen. Configure the LAI2000 by pressing “FCT 31” on the console and configure it for “BAUD=4800” “DATA BITS =8”, PARITY =NONE”, and “XON/ XOFF =NO”. Press “FCT 33 on the console, and configure it for “FORMAT: Standard”, and PRINT OBS :NO” Begin receiving data from control unit to PC by clicking “DOWNLOAD” button in the acquire dialog. The status line will show “Waiting for data” Start sending files by clicking “FCT 32” and enter range of file numbers you want to download. Now it will show “Printing file” with a number on the LAI200 console screen. To check the total number of files in the console press “FCT 21”. When it is finished click “Stop Comm and close FV 2000. If it may give you an error instead of “Printing file” as “DTR NOT TRUE”. It means it cannot connect so check the “Comm port”. To verify the file download, open destination file through notepad and look at the observations. For more information visit LICOR website Ceptometer to LAI -2000 comparison Direct comparisons of the ceptometer and the LAI-2000 were made on 14 Sep 2012 and throughout 2013. The ceptometer was used every 2 weeks, and every 4 weeks, simultaneous measurements were made with the LAI-2000. These comparisons included across-row as well as along-row measurements for corn and soybean.
Datatables
Author:
The Importance of Leaf Area Index (LAI) in Environmental and Crop Research
Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is used as a measure in hundreds of studies on forests, crops, climate and the environment, is calculated as half the area of all leaves per unit area of ground. It is measured as the leaf area (m2 ) per ground area (m–2) and is unit-less. So, a plant with a LAI of 2 has an amount of leaves that can cover a given area two times. LAI is calculated for a plant or can be scaled up to give readings for a whole crop or even a region. It is one of the most important parameters to measure leaves and their activity.
Why is LAI important?
The significance of the LAI comes from the importance of leaves to the plants, which are many and varied.
Leaves are the major eco-physiological parts of a plant that interact with the atmosphere,
Absorbing and assimilating carbon dioxide,
Intercepting light necessary for photosynthesis,
Releasing oxygen that is formed as a byproduct of photosynthesis,
Being the site of water vapor loss during evapotransipiration, which helps to build pressure to absorb water from the ground,
Intercepting rainfall and channelling water to branches and stems, and gradually to the roots,
Taking the impact of the wind.
Leaves are an important source of carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis, which are converted to a myriad of chemicals that the plant needs.
Nearly 90% of the biomass (or dry matter) of a plant is produced by leaves.
These photosynthates drive the growth and yield of a plant.
The Leaf Area Index is thus an important indicator of radiation and precipitation interception, energy conversion, and water balance. Ultimately, it is a reliable parameter for plant growth. This is the reason why most studies in agronomy and horticulture measure the results of interventions such as fertilizers and irrigation in terms of LAI, as well as yield.
Optimum LAI
The levels of LAI will vary with the canopy architecture, which depends on the cultivars, geography, and field cultural practices. Then there are differences which arise from the types of crops and fruits. More is known about the optimum LAI for cereals than fruits. LAI for:
Apples can be between 1.5 and 5.
Peaches can be 7 to 10.
Mangoes is, on average, 2.94 and can lie between 1.18 and 4.48.
Oranges is high, between 9 and 11.
The Relationship Between LAI and Crop Yield
Since leaves are essential for photosynthesis and produce the bulk of biomass, the number of leaves (and LAI) will also influence yield. Moreover, most crop simulation models will use LAI to predict yield, given its importance in estimating the effect of environmental factors on plants.
The relationship between LAI leaves and yield is, however, not simple, and will vary with kinds of crops and at different life-stages of a plant. Therefore, LAI could be measured in different phases of the plant cycle to accurately calculate the optimum yield. Comparisons of LAI between different years is a good way to judge how well the crops are doing.
Leaf as Yield : In the case of crops where the leafy parts are desirable, as in lettuce and spinach, maximising LAI is of direct benefit. When the fruits of plants are the yield, LAI’s influence can vary.
: In the case of crops where the leafy parts are desirable, as in lettuce and spinach, maximising LAI is of direct benefit. When the fruits of plants are the yield, LAI’s influence can vary. Fruits : When the tree is younger, increasing LAI will boost fruit yield. However, if the canopy gets too thick and prevents light penetration to lower levels and to developing fruits, both yield quantity and quality will decrease in older fruit trees, as seen in oranges.
: When the tree is younger, increasing LAI will boost fruit yield. However, if the canopy gets too thick and prevents light penetration to lower levels and to developing fruits, both yield quantity and quality will decrease in older fruit trees, as seen in oranges. Vegetables : In many vegetables, higher photosynthesis is linked to higher yield. Therefore, a higher LAI is needed. In vegetables such as tomatoes, decreasing LAI can impact biomass accumulation and yield. However, it is important to maintain only the optimum LAI, as increasing LAI beyond a certain point will not increase yield. Depending on the variety, an LAI of 3 to 4 is good for tomatoes.
: In many vegetables, higher photosynthesis is linked to higher yield. Therefore, a higher LAI is needed. In vegetables such as tomatoes, decreasing LAI can impact biomass accumulation and yield. However, it is important to maintain only the optimum LAI, as increasing LAI beyond a certain point will not increase yield. Depending on the variety, an LAI of 3 to 4 is good for tomatoes. Cereals: In cereals, LAI determines biomass accumulation. However, an optimum LAI is sometimes a better goal depending on the variety of cereal, as increasing LAI may not increase photosynthesis due to shading, but does contribute to increased respiration. In rice, increasing LAI and photosynthesis are the goals, but in sorghum, the relationship between LAI and yield is high but negative. That is as LAI increases, yield will decrease.
LAI is Relevant Due to Climate Change
The trade-off between leaf growth and fruit production has assumed added relevance due to climate change. Due to the increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), many cultivars are devoting too much of their resources to making leaves rather than seeds. In soybeans, the fourth most cultivated seed crop, there has been a decrease of 8% to 10% in yield due to recent conditions of elevated CO2.
Measuring LAI
LAI can be measured directly or indirectly. In direct methods, the leaves are used as the basis of measurement.
Direct Methods
This method of LAI estimation is time-consuming and difficult, as it involves collecting leaves and measuring leaf area. The leaves can be collected:
Destructively by harvesting.
Non-destructively by collecting leaf litter in traps on the ground.
The leaf area is estimated by three means:
Leaf measurement: In this method, each leaf area is manually measured. This is inefficient and expensive. Planimetric method: Leaf perimeter is measured by a planimeter, the area of leaves is derived, and their ratio to the ground is calculated. Gravimetric method: This method uses the relationship between biomass and the leaf area to calculate the LAI. Biomass is estimated by finding the dry weight of leaves.
Indirect Methods
Indirect LAI calculation can be non-contact, fast, and automated, and is, therefore, gaining popularity.
Inclined point quadrat: The vegetation canopy is measured by counting the number of contacts made by a needle in a given quadrat. This is time-consuming and suitable only for crops up to 1.5 meters high. Digital plant canopy anaysis: Perhaps the most accurate analysis of leaf area index uses photography from either below or above the canopy to measure LAI. The hand-held CI-110 Plant Canopy Analyzer uses a hemispherical lens to take photos from beneath the canopy and automatically makes calculations for the user to measure LAI and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) levels.
LAI for Precision Agriculture
Besides its uses in measuring crop growth and as an indicator of yield, LAI is finding new applications in precision agriculture. LAI can be useful in calculating the correct amounts of foliar sprays of pesticides or fungicides that are needed to protect a crop. LAI can also diagnose the nitrogen status of cereals through satellite imagery leading to timely applications of fertilizers to boost yield. Given its importance, it is not surprising that new methods of estimating LAI are growing, coupled with novel purposes to monitor crops.
—
—
Vijayalaxmi Kinhal
Science Writer, CID Bio-Science
Ph.D. Ecology and Environmental Science, B.Sc Agriculture
Sources
Addai, I.K., and Alimiyawo, M. (2015). Graphical determination of leaf area index and its relationship with growth and yield parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as affected by fertilizer application. Journal of Agronomy, 14 (4), 272-278. 10.3923/ja.2015.272.278
Dammer, K. H., Wollny, J., and Giebel, A. (2008). Estimation of the leaf area index in cereal crops for variable rate fungicide spraying. European Journal of Agronomy, 28 (3), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.11.001
Heuvelink, E., Bakker,M.J., Elings,A., Kaarsemaker,R.C., and Marcelis, L.F.M. (2005). Effect of leaf area on tomato yield. Acta Horticulturae 691. 691. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.691.2
Liu, X., Cao, Q., Yuan, Z., Liu, X., Wang, X., Tian, Y., Cao, W., and Zhu, Y. (2018) Leaf area index based nitrogen diagnosis in irrigated lowland rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture
17(1) 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61714-3
Monteith, J. L., Moss C.J., Cooke, G. W., Pirie, N. W., and Bell, G. D. H. (1977). Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 281, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1977.0140
Patil, P., Biradar,P., Bhagawathi, A.U., and Hejjegar, I.S. (2018). A review on leaf area index of horticulture crops and its importance. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(4), 505-513. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.059
Rauscher, F. (2018, April 3). I’ve Got You Covered: Leaf Area Index. Retrieved from https://www.maximumyield.com/ive-got-you-covered-leaf-area-index/2/3866
Sheehy, J.E., Mitchell, P.L., and Hardy B., editors. (2000). Redesigning rice photosynthesis to increase yield. Proceedings of the Workshop on The Quest to Reduce Hunger: Redesigning Rice Photosynthesis, 30 Nov.-3 Dec. 1999, Los Baños. Philippines. Makati City (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute and Amsterdam (The Netherlands): Elsevier Science B.V. 293 p.
Srinivasan, V., Kumar, P., and Long, S.P. (2017). Decreasing, not increasing, leaf area will raise crop yields under global atmospheric change. Global Change Biol. 23 (4), 1626–1635. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13526
Tsialtas, J.T, and Maslaris, N. (2008). Evaluation of a leaf area prediction model proposed for sunflower. Photosynthetica, 46 (2), 294-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-008-0052-6
Xiao, S. van der Ploeg, A., Bakker, M., and Heuvelink, E. (2004). Two instead of three leaves between tomato trusses: Measured and simulated effects on partitioning and yield. Acta Hort. 654. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/29287997.pdf
Photo courtesy of Jomesh P A.
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키워드에 대한 정보 lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer
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이 기사는 인터넷의 다양한 출처에서 편집되었습니다. 이 기사가 유용했기를 바랍니다. 이 기사가 유용하다고 생각되면 공유하십시오. 매우 감사합니다!
사람들이 주제에 대해 자주 검색하는 키워드 Leaf Area: How to measure Leaf Area Index with the LAI-2200
- GHG
- Global Climate Change
- Leaf Area Index
- LI-COR
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YouTube에서 lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer 주제의 다른 동영상 보기
주제에 대한 기사를 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다 Leaf Area: How to measure Leaf Area Index with the LAI-2200 | lai 2000 plant canopy analyzer, 이 기사가 유용하다고 생각되면 공유하십시오, 매우 감사합니다.
