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Audio corresponds to each page of the book
Listening and Speaking 3: https://youtu.be/sEBPJ9-DEVg
Unit 2: https://youtu.be/upDZF1dZp6U
Unit 3: https://youtu.be/HtKDUW2FjWQ
Unit 4: https://youtu.be/nJm8mdCUH8c
Unit 5: https://youtu.be/4m1JXj1X_b8
Unit 6: https://youtu.be/c058YB7ghKQ
Unit 7: https://youtu.be/rmuf_F1zCc8
Unit 8: https://youtu.be/4IoDx3gOXlQ
Unit 9: https://youtu.be/JErGt-U1N2w
Unit 10: https://youtu.be/80BBzWy1_iM
PATHWAYS 2:
PATHWAYS 4:
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pathways 3 second edition answer key pdf 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
PATHWAYS SECOND EDITION LISTENING AND SPEAKING …
2. Look for paraphrases of key words from the questions of the text. 3. Look for paraphrases from the text in the answer choices.
Source: ceptpractice.blogspot.com
Date Published: 5/17/2021
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NGL pathways 3a RW answer keys – Tài liệu text – 123doc
Pathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key Pathways 3 … care for one another and take care of their young.
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Date Published: 10/12/2022
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Pathways RW Level 3 Teacher Guide | PDF – Scribd
wrote his book The Ape in the Corner Office. 1. I’m not very ambitious. I prefer to have fewer stronger. • Have students work in pairs to answer the questions.
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Date Published: 4/4/2022
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Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 3 …
Pathways 2nd edition Student Book 3: Vocabulary Extension Answer Key. National Geographic Learning. Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 3.
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Date Published: 3/19/2022
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GIỜ PHỤC VỤ BẠN ĐỌC – Thư viện Đại học Ngoại ngữ
Pathways 3 : Teacher’s Gue : Listening, Speaking and Critical thinking. Tác giả: Tarver Chase, Becky; Brinks Lockwood, Robyn. Kiểu tài liệu: book …
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Date Published: 10/23/2022
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주제와 관련된 이미지 pathways 3 second edition answer key pdf
주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 PATHWAYS 3 – Unit 1 – Social Relationships – Reading, Writing and Critical Thinking. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
주제에 대한 기사 평가 pathways 3 second edition answer key pdf
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CEPT Practice: PATHWAYS SECOND EDITION LISTENING AND SPEAKING, READING AND WRITING FREE PDF DOWNLOAD
Question: What is the secret of answering the Reading and Listening exercises on CEPT correctly?
Answer:
The correct answer to any question must be based on something that was written in the text or heard in the audio recording. This means that it does not allow you to interpret the meaning based on the following:
• any personal knowledge you may have of the subject
• your personal beliefs
• your own opinions about the subject
• something that may sound logical but is not actually mentioned or implied
The answer must be objective, meaning that it must be based only on what you read or what you heard.
This only allows for two possible answer types:
repeating information directly from the text or audio, or
restating the idea through paraphrased information (restating the information or idea using different words).
This is the secret! Almost every single correct answer in the Reading and Listening sections of the CEPT are synonyms and paraphrased ideas and information.
Knowing this, it makes it easier to identify the best answer as well as eliminate the distractors, or wrong answers. In a general sense distractors are wrong because they do not restate the idea or information from the part of a passage or audio that contains the answer to the question. The distractors are constructed by the test makers with this fact in mind.
NGL pathways 3a RW answer keys
NGL pathways 3a RW answer keys Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (407.49 KB, 31 trang )
Pathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key
Pathways 3
Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking
Answer Key
Unit 1 Social Relationships
THINK AND DISCUSS
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. Other animals that live in social groups include
mammals such as horses, lions, elephants, wolves,
dolphins, and whales; fish; insects such as bees,
ants, and wasps; birds such as penguins, geese, and
sparrows.
2. Many animals stay with their families when they are
young, as humans do. Many animals take care of and
protect others in their social groups. Animals that
live in groups fight sometimes, just like humans.
EXPLORE THE THEME
A 1. monkeys and apes
1. Both humans and other primates communicate and
use tools. Both also live in social groups where they
care for one another and take care of their young.
B treat; interact; care for
Reading 1
PREPARING TO READ
A 1. conflict
2. behavior3. aggressive4. motivation5. criticize6. ambitious7. statusB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. I’m not very ambitious. I prefer to have fewerresponsibilities and more free time at work. /I think I’m rather ambitious. I get a sense ofachievement whenever I accomplish challenginggoals.1. If an aggressive coworker yelled at me in ameeting, I would try to act calmly. But afterward,I would probably feel negatively toward thatperson.C Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Employees cooperate when working in teams,when finding a solution to a problem, whensupporting the company to succeed, etc.1. Primates cooperate by sharing food, byNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keyprotecting each other from predators, by helpingto take care of babies together, etc.D Answers will vary. Possible answers:Both humans and wild primates can sometimesget into a conflict. Humans also work together inteams, like primates in the wild. Humans in theoffice may also compete with one another, whichis similar to primate behavior in the jungle.UNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1, 4 (See Paragraphs B and C.)B (See Paragraph C.)1. cooperate1. conflict3. networking4. hierarchies5. aggressiveC office workers: a, iwild apes: e, f, h, jBoth: b, c, d, gD Cooperation versus Conflict: Chimps spendabout 5 percent of the day being aggressive, but15 to 20 percent of the day grooming each other.(See Paragraph C.)The Value of Networking: Research by Frans deWaal, a primatologist, shows that chimps oftenuse their networking skills to strengthen theirsocial status or to get ahead. (See Paragraph D.)The Importance of Hierarchies: Young peoplespeak softly and avoid eye contact; young chimpsmake themselves look smaller. (See Paragraph F.)The Limits of Aggression: Human employeeslose motivation and quit if treated aggressively;aggressive apes chase other apes away. (SeeParagraph G.)E Answers will vary. Possible answer: Adding anexample from a specific case study could helpstrengthen the quote in The Value of Networking.F 1. useful (Paragraph H: …is more beneficial for bothhumans and primates.)1. competing (Paragraph E: They see a main rivalsitting…)3. frightened (Paragraph G: People sometimes shoutor intimidate others…)4. connected to (Paragraph D: They create tight socialbonds…)G Answers will vary. Possible answers: I speakpolitely when talking to my boss at my part-timejob. / I once had an aggressive coworker whogot promoted! Nobody liked him, but he wasrewarded by the company.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyDEVELOPING READING SKILLSA 1. S; 1. S; 3. S; 4. (extra); 5. MB how: 1; what: 3; why: 2C Answers will vary. Possible answers:Main Idea 1: Although cooperation is morecommon in groups, both humans and otherprimates sometimes use conflict in order to gainstatus.Supporting Ideas: People sometimes shoutor intimidate others to make a point or win anargument.; Apes show aggression by poundingtheir chests, screeching, or hitting trees.ORMain Idea 1: However, Conniff notes that conflictdoes not gain long-term success for eitherspecies.Supporting Ideas: When bosses criticize theiremployees, treat them unfairly, or make theirworking lives difficult, employees becomestressed, lose motivation, and quit their jobs.;When apes are aggressive, they chase other apesaway.VideoBEFORE VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answer: The elephantsneed someone to feed them and interact withthem.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. In some cultures, products made from ivory arethought to have special significance. / Somepeople are unaware of the illegal hunting ofelephants for the purpose of collecting ivory.1. Stricter laws can be set to reduce poaching. /Governments and organizations could makepeople more aware of the illegal ivory trade anddiscourage them from buying ivory products.C 1. maternal1. slaughter (Note: The word slaughter usually refersto killing in an especially violent or cruel way.)3. caretaker4. reintroductionWHILE VIEWINGACB 1. milk / food / social interaction / play1. The caretakers stay with the elephants 24 hoursa day. / Blankets are used to mimic maternalwarmth.3. Both human babies and elephant babies like toplay; they ignore your warnings about what notto do and where not to go; and both also needNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keysocial interaction to feel safe.AFTER VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. The elephants will face many dangers when theyare reintroduced to the wild.1. The Trust may help prevent poaching byeducating others about the existence of babyelephants that have been orphaned because ofpoachers, but the video does not mention anyspecific efforts made to stop poachers directly.B Answers will vary. Possible answers: Both primatesand elephants share with humans a need forsocial interaction. / Both live in social groups orfamilies.Reading 2PREPARING TO READA 1. generally1. intense3. extended family4. social structure5. gender (Note that gender mostly refers to socialand cultural aspects of being male or female, notto biological sex.)6. establish7. discipline8. observe9. replace10. previouslyB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Establishing a routine can help me with timemanagement and help reduce stress in my life.2. Some benefits of living in an extended familyinclude having a lively household and havingpeople to help take care of each other. Somedrawbacks include lack of privacy and maybemore family arguments!CaUNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1. b; 1. a; 3. aB Paragraph D: M: (the) power, S2: during the day /every day, S3: their mate/matesParagraph E: M: separate groups, S1: family male,S2: inviteParagraph F: M: replaced, S: stay onC 1. status (See Paragraph C.)1. Older males / Older male elephants (SeeParagraph C.)3. family male / primary male (See Paragraph D.)4. grandfather (See Paragraph F.)National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key5. active play / climbing, jumping, etc. (SeeParagraph H.)6. motherhood (See Paragraph I.)D 1. study / research study1. primatologist3. caretaking4. 14; a hundredE Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Yes, I think it is convincing because the study wasdone for 14 years and involved many differentobservations of the same behavior.1. I think the gelada study is the most convincingbecause there are many examples of the kind ofbehavior being explained.F 1. pecking order (Paragraph C: “in dry years, the strictpecking order they establish benefits…”)1. mimicked/mimics/was mimicking (Paragraph H:Kanyawara chimps played with sticks mimicked…)(Note: The spelling of the verb mimic changesdepending on form: mimic, mimics, mimicked,mimicking)3. offspring (Paragraph D: …eight adult females, theiroffspring, and…)4. in captivity (Paragraph G: …rhesus monkeys oftenplay with dolls in captivity.)G chimpanzees: hierarchy is important, formingsocial bonds is importantelephants: females control the group, hierarchy isimportant, forming strong bonds is importantgeladas: females control the group, formingsocial bonds is important (See Explore the Themefor importance of primate social bonds.)WritingEXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISHA 1. S1. S3. D4. S5. DLANGUAGE FOR WRITINGB 1. both1. Similarly3. In contrast4. Likewise5. UnlikeC 1. In contrast,1. Likewise, / Similarly,3. , while / , whereas4. , on the other hand,5. Similarly, / Likewise,National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyD Answers will vary. Possible answers:Forming social bonds is important for bothelephants and primates.Elephants live in a matriarchal family. Similarly,gelada families are led by females.Unlike female elephants, female chimpanzeesdon’t necessarily have the most power in theirfamily group.WRITING SKILLE 1. a difference2. their relationships with humans3. a. One way that dogs and wolves differ is in theirrelationships with humans.b. Dogs are generally friendly and helpful aroundhumans.c. Wolves, on the other hand, are shy and fearfulof humans.d. For example, dogs helped early humans hunt.e. One reason for this is that wolves are generallyafraid of anything that is unfamiliar.WRITING TASKA Answers will vary. Possible answers:Animal: elephantNotes: strict social hierarchy, cooperation overconflict, matriarchal, travel together, young onesstay with mothers for a long timeB Answers will vary. Possible answers:Thesis Statement: Elephants and humans aresimilar in some ways, but different in others. Theyboth form important social bonds with others,but they differ in terms of social structures.Body Paragraph 1Topic Sentence: In both elephant herds andhuman families, social bonds are key.Supporting Ideas/Details: Elephants stay withtheir mothers for many years, as humans do; oldermale elephants teach younger males, etc.Body Paragraph 2Topic Sentence: Unlike humans, elephants tendto interact mostly with those of the same gender.Supporting Ideas/Details: Adult femaleelephants cooperate to raise families together;adult male elephants live in groups with othermales.REVISING PRACTICEc, d, a, bEDITING PRACTICE1. The use of tools among gorillas is similar to theuse of tools among chimpanzees.2. Dogs are not capable of using language. InNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keycontrast, some apes are able to communicateusing human sign language.3. Horses help farmers by pulling carts. Likewise,dogs help by herding sheep.4. Cats in the wild have to hunt for food. House cats,on the other hand, get their food from humans.5. Chimpanzee mothers and daughters form strongbonds. Similarly, adult female elephants formclose relationships with young females in thefamily.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyUnit 2 Inventive SolutionsTHINK AND DISCUSSAnswers will vary. Possible answers:1. Technology can reveal more evidence that helpsmatch a criminal to a crime. Technology can be usedto interpret evidence that is too small for the humaneye to see.2. In 2018, police solved a murder case after they founda photo of the suspect and the victim on socialmedia. The murder weapon had matched an itemon the suspect in the photo.EXPLORE THE THEMEA 1. eye color, natural hair color, shape of facialfeatures, geographic ancestry2. age, weight, dyed hair color, facial hairB suspect; commit; determine (Note: The verbcommit is used in the unit primarily in referenceto criminal behavior—commit a crime; commitmurder, commit theft, etc.).Reading 1PREPARING TO READA 1. heals 5. examine2. reveal6. analysis3. mysteries 7. prove4. detectivesB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Police detectives need to be good at payingattention to small details. They also need to begood at seeing possible connections betweenclues to solve a crime.2. I don’t think I’d be great at investigating a mysterybecause I often forget details. / I think I’d be goodat investigating mysteries because I like solvingpuzzles.C Answers will vary. Correct answers: The crimesdiscussed are robbery and murder. DNA matchingfrom humans and plants, as well as CT imagingtechnology, helped detectives uncover detailsthat led to the cases being solved.UNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1. d (See Paragraph C.)2. a (See Paragraph E.)3. e (See Paragraph G.)B 1. T (Explanation: Paragraph D: …police found a pagerat the scene of the crime that led them to a suspect.)2. NG (Explanation: There is no information aboutthem being friends or strangers.)3. NG (Explanation: There is no information aboutNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keywhen he bought the truck.)4. F (Explanation: Paragraph D: The suspect admittedto giving the suspect a ride…)5. T (Explanation: Paragraph E: This proved that thetruck had definitely been to the crime scene…)C Australia robbery evidence: c, e, i, jArizona murder evidence: a, f, g, h, lIceman murder evidence: b, d, kD 1. 2 (believe)5. 3 (meant)2. 3 (clearly show) 6. 1 (might)3. 3 (shows)7. 1 or 2 (perhaps / most likely)4. 2 (unlikely)E Answers will vary. Possible answers:Certain: (Paragraph C) This proved that the suspectwas at the scene of the crime; (Paragraph E) …thegeneticist determined that its DNA matched the oneon the truck.Less certain: (Paragraph B) The detectives thought theleech could have attached itself to one of the robbers…;(Paragraph D) And indeed, a palo verde tree at thescene of the crime looked like a truck might have hit it.F Answers will vary. Possible answers:I think he was by himself. Some thieves wereplanning to steal his valuables, and they shot anarrow into his back. Since he was alone and notmany people go to that area, he gradually becameburied in the snow.DEVELOPING READING SKILLSA Paragraph B: in 2009; eight-year-old robbery case;in 2001; soon after; while; thenParagraph C: Eight years later; after; 2001B d, e, f, g, a, c, h, bVideoBEFORE VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Easily visible items probably included his clothes,tattoos, tools, or anything that he had on himthat was mummified with him. With technology,more detailed information about his age, facialfeatures, height, and living relatives was obtained.2. Answers will vary. Possible answers: Why was hein the mountains? Did his enemies kill him? Didhe have a family?B 1. nutrition2. preserve3. insight4. geneWHILE VIEWINGA 2, 3, 4, 5 (Explanation: Such an old mummy. It isNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keythe only one in this region that we have here inthis region of such a high age; I think the Iceman isso special because on the one hand, he’s perfectlypreserved and he really gives us unique insightsinto this time that we don’t know so much about;He contains a lot of information, also on differentdiseases; the Iceman is one of our ancestors, and itis very interesting to understand also the past andwhere we came from and how they already wereable to adapt to the environment.)B Answers may vary. Possible answers:how he died / why he died / whether there areother mummies nearby / who killed himAFTER VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:Yes, I think it is necessary for scientific research.The Iceman’s body could give us valuableinformation that helps us better understandourselves and the world. / I don’t agree withdoing research on a human body. I think theyshould respect his body instead.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:I think it’s likely that that he died from being shotby an arrow, but the reason for his murder is stillunclear. Were his attackers stealing from him? Didthey get in a fight earlier in the day?Reading 2PREPARING TO READA 1. unclear2. mentions/mentioned, archaeologist3. combination4. suffered from, Moreover5. carried out, obtain6. sample, identityB Answers will vary. Possible answers:Archaeologists are trying to learn about humanlife in the past to help scientists understand moreabout human life today.Archaeologists deal with very old objects, includinghuman remains, so it’s difficult to obtain properevidence. First, it’s hard to find these objects. Second,the condition of the discoveries is often not great.C 2, 3UNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1. E 4. H2. K5. D3. C6. FB 1. T (Explanation: Paragraph J: While the data are stillincomplete, our study also suggests that one of theNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keymummified fetuses is Tutankhamun’s daughter andthat the other may also be his child.)2. F (Explanation: The family tree infographic showsthat Tuyu was his great-grandmother.)3. NG (Explanation: His height is not mentioned inthe passage.)4. T (Explanation: Paragraph K: Tutankhamun’sclubbed foot and bone disease may therefore havebeen because he had a genetic predisposition.)5. F (Explanation: Paragraph L: After Tutankhamun’sdeath, a new dynasty came to power.)C a, b, c, e, g, d, fD 1. honor (verb): to respect2. partial (adjective): incomplete, not whole3. infant (noun): a newborn baby4. siblings (plural noun): brothers or sistersE Answers will vary. Possible answers:More certain: (Paragraph G) …10 other mummieswe believed were members of his family. /(Paragraph J) …our study also suggests that one ofthe mummified fetuses is Tutankhamun’s daughter…Less certain: (Paragraph J) One of these may be themother of the infant mummies… / …she was thedaughter of Akhenaten and his wife, Nefertiti, andtherefore probably was Tutankhamun’s half-sister.F 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (See Paragraph K.)2. Answers will vary. Possible answer: Maybe not.Hawass uses the modal may when discussingthe possible causes of King Tut’s death inParagraph K, so I don’t think Hawass’ team hascompletely solved the mystery.G Answers will vary. Possible answers:Both: Scientists used technology such as DNAanalysis and CT imaging to examine the bodies. /Scientists tried to determine Tutankhamun’sand the Iceman’s family backgrounds. / BothTutankhamun and the Iceman had geneticpredispositions.Examination of Tutankhamun: Moreinformation in the form of other mummies wasavailable for scientists to study Tutankhamun.Examination of the Iceman: Scientists hope touse information from the Iceman to better dealwith diseases.WritingEXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISHA a, b, c, bLANGUAGE FOR WRITINGB 1. b2. c3. aNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key4. b5. c6. bC Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. preference; helpful/beneficial/of use2. ridden; vehicle/pickup/van/SUV (Explanation:Depending on the type of truck, the synonymmay change.)3. discovery; murderedWRITING SKILLD a. 1b. 7c. 5d. 3e. 4f. 6g. 2WRITING TASKA Answers will vary. Possible answers:Notes from A Body in the Mountains:Iceman was killed over 5,000 years ago; bodywas preserved by ice; CT scanning showed thathe was shot by an arrow from behind; carefulexamination showed he had a previous injurythat was healing; they found food in his stomach,which showed he was relaxed and not expectingto fight someone, etc.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:Topic Sentence: CT scanning helped scientistslearn about what might have happened to theIceman.Important Ideas:The CT scan showed that he was hit frombehind with an arrow. An injury on his handwas discovered to be from a few days before,so it was not likely connected to his death. Theimaging also showed he had eaten a full mealbefore he was killed, so scientists think he was notexpecting to be in danger.REVISING PRACTICEa, b, d, cEDITING PRACTICE1. Paraphrase: DNA is a small molecule that containsinformation for a person’s cell development.2. Paraphrase: Every individual’s DNA is unique, so itis useful in identifying people.3. Paraphrase: DNA phenotyping allows scientiststo identify characteristics such as eye and haircolor, the structure of faces, as well as geographicorigin.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyUnit 3 City SolutionsTHINK AND DISCUSSAnswers will vary. Possible answers:1. The biggest cities in my country are New Delhi andMumbai. They both have very big populations. Sothey are both very lively! Both cities are very modernin some parts, but there are also poorer areas withpoor infrastructure.2. My favorite city is Singapore. I like it because thereare great parks, the public transportation is easyto use, and there is a diverse population of peoplefrom all around the world. There’s also terrific foodand shopping!the Internet for information instead of thinking forthemselves.EXPLORE THE THEMEA Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. More and more people are living in urban areas inall parts of the world.2. Latin America and the Caribbean; Asia3. Africa and AsiaB urban; growth; dense (Note: The noun density isused to talk about population in comparison toland space: population density.)Reading 1PREPARING TO READA 1. aspect2. spread out3. income (Note: Income can be hourly, daily, weekly,yearly, etc.)4. productive5. tend to6. concentration (Note: Another common meaningof concentration is focus.)7. suburbB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. I like suburbs and rural areas because they are lesscrowded.2. The aspects of city life that appeal to me includegood work opportunities and easy access topublic transportation. However, housing in thecity is very expensive.C Answers will vary. Correct answer: cUNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1 (See Paragraph C.); 3 (See Paragraph G.);4 (See Paragraph H.); 6 (See Paragraph K.)B 1. d (Explanation: Recent decades, however, haveNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keyseen a widespread change in attitudes towardurbanization.)2. b (Explanation: This closeness reduces the cost oftransporting goods, people, and ideas, and allowspeople to be more productive.)3. a (Explanation: …cities tend to produce fewergreenhouse gas emissions per person than suburbs.)4. f (Explanation: …it proves that a poor country canurbanize successfully and incredibly fast.)5. e (Explanation: Some ways to densify suburbsinclude creating walkable town centers. … Thiswould make people less dependent on cars.)6. c (Explanation: …dense and carefully plannedcities are looking more like a solution—perhaps thebest hope for lifting people out of poverty withoutwrecking the planet.)C 1. reduced cost of transporting goods, people, andideas; easier to share information and learn fromone another2. less impact on the environment (example: halfof the world’s population lives on only 4 percentof land / fewer resources needed to maintaincity infrastructure / city apartments use lesserenergy / fewer cars)3. managing urban growthD 1. Information can be shared easily in cities, allowingpeople to learn from one another.2. A city’s urban growth must be supported byeconomic development.3. the issue of urban sprawl4. Expanding suburban areas have led to increasedenergy use, air pollution, and greenhouse gasemissions.E Answers will vary. Possible answer:Overall, I think urbanization has a positiveimpact on human societies because city living ismore environmentally friendly. Life is also moreconvenient for everyone.VideoDEVELOPING READING SKILLSA 1. The graph shows South Korea’s economicgrowth from 1980 to 2015 in comparison to majorEuropean countries.2. Paragraph F: In the same period, South Korea hasalso gone from being one of the world’s poorestcountries to being richer than many countries inEurope.3. The graph provides more details about SouthKorea’s rapid growth compared to someEuropean countries.B 1. The colors represent the levels of emissions—redNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keyindicates higher greenhouse gas emissions (perperson), while green indicates lower emissions.2. c3. Paragraph D: As a result, cities tend to produce fewergreenhouse gas emissions per person than suburbs.BEFORE VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answer: There’s not alot of space in cities for farming, and undergroundfarms won’t take up land that people live on.B 1. Transporting food across long distances causesgreenhouse gas emissions, which are a bigcontributor to global warming.2. “Food miles” are likely to increase as thepopulation increases.3. Answers will vary. Possible answer: One way toreduce food transportation is for people to buymore food from local farmers instead of buyingimported food.C 1. distribution 4. carbon-neutral2. utilize 5. hydroponic farming3. LEDWHILE VIEWINGA 1, 3, 4, 5B 1. F (We are in a tunnel system that was built duringthe Second World War.)2. T (In London, for example, we’re going to have anadditional two million people in the next 10 years.)3. NG4. T (And so we got one bench, but when we populateit—the whole of the tunnel—we’ll have a bench onthe floor, bench halfway up, and a bench up here aswell, so we’ll be growing that.)AFTER VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:It shows that young people who grow up in citieslack an understanding of how food is actuallyproduced. With underground farms, the food willcome from a local source. If underground farmsbecome the norm, city people will have easyaccess to farms and fresh food.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:If a disease breaks out at an underground farm,it’s likely that many people will be affected.Another possible problem is that constructingunderground farms might cost cities too muchmoney.Reading 2PREPARING TO READA 1. safetyNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key2. consumption; majority3. phenomenon; increasingly (Note: The plural ofphenomenon is phenomena.)4. industrial; varied5. basically6. attempt; enhanceB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. Two ways to enhance the quality of city lifeinclude making sure everyone has access to cleandrinking water, and making sure the city is safe forall who live there.2. One thing I can do to reduce my energyconsumption is to unplug my electronic deviceswhen I am not using them.C Answers will vary. Correct answer:He collected information about the infrastructureof cities: power, water distribution, healthcare,education, etc. His work can help us understandurbanization and look at how some cities are ableto grow more rapidly and/or more successfullythan others.UNDERSTANDING THE READINGAaB 1. a (Explanation: The project’s aim is to standardizethe way information about cities … is collected andshared.)2. b (Explanation: People flock to cities because…)3. e (Explanation: There’s no readily availableinformation on the speed of growth of cities.)4. d (Explanation: So I decided to gather consistentinformation on 19 cities that will have more than20 million people in the 21st century.)5. c (Explanation: …you can’t solve a problem with acollection of little ideas. One has to understand themin context and in comparison to other places.)C 1. architect 7. urban planners2. urbanization 8. environmental impact3. business 9. 20 million4. media 10. resources / energy5. 5 years 11. online6. standardizeD 1. go there 4. obvious2. large 5. poor3. in comparison withE Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. The maps compare the amount of green spacesin Abu Dhabi, Tokyo, and London.2. London (most); Abu Dhabi (least)3. This information might help urban planners look atways to increase green spaces in cities.F Answers will vary. Possible answers:National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Key1. Brand 3. Wurman, Glaeser2. Wurman 4. AngelWritingEXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISHA 1. b2. c3. aLANGUAGE FOR WRITINGB 1. moved2. invested3. was4. has improved5. has increasedWRITING SKILLC 1. b (Explanation: Main points to be discussed areclear.)2. a (Explanation: Main points to be discussed areclear.)D 1. b (Explanation: an interesting question)2. a (Explanation: a surprising fact)3. b (Explanation: an imaginary situation)E a. 3 c. 2b. (extra) d. 1F Answers will vary. Possible answers:Topic 1: The increased number of parking lots inthe downtown area has made it more convenientfor drivers to find a place to park their car.Topic 2: As a result of an increased number ofpedestrian-only areas and stoplights, the numberof pedestrian-related accidents have fallen.Topic 3: Thanks to a new metro and more newhomes in the city center, the traffic issue hasimproved.G Answer will vary. Possible answers:Topic 1: This improvement in parking will likelymake visiting the downtown area a more pleasantexperience in the future. / Topic 2: With saferroads, cities will become a better place to live.WRITING TASKA Answers will vary. Possible answer:City: San Francisco; Improvements: removedEmbarcadero Bridge, renovated the waterfrontarea, etc.B Answers will vary. Possible answer:Introductory ParagraphHook: Imagine your shock when you visit SanFrancisco for the first time, and you have to walkunder an ugly freeway to get to the bay.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyThesis Statement: However, one improvementthat has made the city a more beautiful placefor residents and tourists is tearing down theEmbarcadero Freeway.Concluding ParagraphSummary Statement: The removal of theEmbarcadero Freeway has made the waterfront areaattractive and accessible to both visitors and SanFranciscans.Final Thought: What other improvements mightmake the city an even more beautiful place to liveand visit?REVISING PRACTICE1. c, a, b2. d. Sentence to cross out: Visitors can take ferries toAlcatraz and take a tour of the old prison.e. Walking under the freeway was not a pleasantexperience.f. In 1989, part of the freeway was destroyed by anearthquake …Editing Practice1. The city has made a lot of changes over the past 10years.2. Residents have enjoyed the renovations to the citycenter and the public parks.3. The new subway system has made it easier to getacross town.4. It is now safer for people to ride their bikes to workbecause the government has added bicycle lanes tobusy streets.5. San Francisco city planners have created a beautifulwalkable area alongside the bay.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyUnit 4 Danger ZonesTHINK AND DISCUSSAnswers will vary. Possible answers:1. cyclones, tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, volcaniceruptions, sinkholes, forest fires, etc.2. Although some places are at risk of being affectedby extreme natural events, they often have positivesides, too. A coastal area, for example, may face riskof storms or tsunamis, but is also beautiful and agood place for water sports.EXPLORE THE THEMEA 1. Earthquakes: the west coasts of North and SouthAmerica, as well as in Japan, New Zealand, andparts of China.Volcanoes: Central and South America, Indonesia,and Japan.Cyclones: Asia, Madagascar, and the east coast ofNorth America.2. They are in highly populated areas.B hazard; throughout; disasterReading 1PREPARING TO READA 1. alert2. forecast3. destruction4. get out5. affordable6. effectively7. deadlyB Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes,floods, heat waves, avalanches, blizzards, etc.2. The most common natural hazards we experiencein my country are earthquakes. People are alertedby an alarm on their cell phones that goes off oneminute before a large earthquake is expected.C Answers will vary. Possible answers:Scientists look at seismic data to predictearthquakes. For weather-related disasters, theywatch meteorological reports.D Answers will vary. Correct answers:Scientists think that atmospheric changes affectanimals’ serotonin levels, causing them to feelrestless and leave an area. Scientists think thatbirds can hear the infrasound produced by anoncoming storm, which keeps them from goingwhere the storm is about to hit.UNDERSTANDING THE READINGNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyA 1. sense / predict 4. earthquake2. movement(s) / behavior 5. storm3. changesB c, e, b, d, aC 1. Scientists used geolocators to track the locationof the warblers. (See Paragraph I.)2. They were supposed to be in Tennessee.(See Paragraph I.)3. They heard the infrasound from an approachingstorm. (See Paragraph K.)4. He means that birds know more than we thinkthey do. (Note: The term bird brain is used to referto someone lacking intelligence.)D 1. F (See Paragraph C: … Over a three-week period,the sightings dropped to fewer than five a day.)2. T (See Paragraph E: “As far as we know, this isthe first time that motion-triggered camerashave documented this phenomenon prior to anearthquake,” says lead researcher Dr. Rachel Grant.)3. T (See Paragraph F: Two weeks before theearthquake in Peru, a significant atmosphericchange was recorded.)4. F (See Paragraph F: … cause increased serotoninlevels in animals and humans, leading to unpleasantfeelings of restlessness.)5. NG (Explanation: There is no specific mentionof an overall study or purposeful connectionbetween the research studies mentioned.)E 1. d2. e3. c4. a5. b (Note: Blown away is often used in the passiveform: I was blown away by the surprising news.)F 2 (Explanation: The scientists used geolocators onthe birds, so we can infer that this is how they wereable to locate the birds.);4 (Explanation: The team had expected to findthe birds in Tennessee.)DEVELOPING READING SKILLSA 1. this = no animal sightings2. she = Dr. Rachel Grant3. it = a significant atmospheric change4. they = the warblersB they = the rodentsthis = that they should completely disappearthese = recent research in China and JapanThese = rats’ sleeping and waking patternsthem = ratsNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyVideoBEFORE VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:Hurricanes can cause bad flooding. The strongwinds in hurricanes can destroy buildings.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. A storm surge is the large amount of water thatrushes over the land during a hurricane.2. To make landfall is to come on to the land fromthe ocean.3. Debris is material from structures and other thingsthat have been destroyed during the storm.C 1. moist2. catastrophic (Note: The noun catastrophe is alsocommonly used when talking about naturaldisasters.)3. diameterWHILE VIEWINGA 1, 2, 3, 5, 8B 1. The wall is violent; the eye is calm.2. A “hurricane hunter” flies above a hurricane anddrops sensors into the storm so that scientists canstudy the hurricane’s direction and strength.3. 3-D modelsAFTER VIEWINGA Answers will vary. Possible answers:I heard about Hurricane Irma, which caused greatdamage to many islands in the Caribbean Sea.B Answers will vary. Possible answers:Observing the behavior of certain birds may helpin predicting a hurricane. Birds may be able tohear the infrasound of a storm before it hits.Reading 2PREPARING TO READA 1. entire2. eruption, vast3. continuous4. threaten5. pressure, accumulates, cracks, collapse6. explodeB Answers will vary. Possible answers:I watched a volcanic eruption on a TV programonce. Some volcanic eruptions I’ve heard of areEyjafjallajökull in Iceland, Mount Vesuvius in Italy,Krakatoa in Indonesia, and Mount St. Helens inthe United States.C Predictions will vary. Correct answer:A supervolcano is bigger and more powerfulthan a regular volcano.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyD Predictions will vary. Correct answer:1, 2, 4UNDERSTANDING THE READINGA 1. bigger / larger2. more powerful3. Yellowstone National Park4. 2.1 million years5. super-eruptions6. sunlight / the sun7. to fall / to decrease / to drop8. 15,000B 1. b (Explanation: The graphic compares thesupervolcano eruptions in Yellowstone to theMount St. Helens eruption in 1980.)2. 240 cubic miles of debris3. the third eruption4. Paragraphs C and DC 2, 3D b, f, e, d, c, a (See Paragraph B.)E 1. large2. understand3. section4. several timesF 1. a crater surrounded by mountains; a thick layer ofheated, compacted ash; the land near the calderais actively rising and falling2. Scientists are not certain what is happeningunder the caldera’s surface. / Scientists haveonly been keeping records since the 1970s, soit’s hard to draw conclusions. / The caldera isgoing through a rise-and-fall cycle, but scientistsdon’t know when the cycles will cause a supereruption.WritingEXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISHA 1. Both are present continuous verbs.2. Both are present simple verbs.3. Both are superlative adjectives.4. Both are comparative adjectives.5. All are nouns.6. Both are nouns.LANGUAGE FOR WRITINGB 1. slippery, dangerous2. buy food, store extra water3. be cautious, aware (Note: negative form ischanged to positive)4. frighten, damage / cause damage to (Note:frightened is changed from an adjective to a verband damage is changed from a noun to a verb inthe first answer option)5. crushed houses, carried cars awayNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyWRITING SKILLC Answers will vary. Possible answer:6, 5, 2, 3, 1, 4I’m planning for a vacation. First, I need tochoose a place to go. Second, I have to searchand reserve flights and hotels. Before packingmy bags, I have to check the weather. Lastly, Iwill download movies or shows to watch on theflight.D Answers will vary. Possible answer:Step: Pack your bags.get luggage out of closet; choose clothes suitablefor the beach and water sports; warm clothes forplane ride home; pack toiletries, etc.E Answers will vary. Possible answer:After checking the weather, I need to pack mybags. To do that, first I have to get my suitcase outof the closet. Then I need to choose clothes thatare suitable to wear at the beach and for watersports. I also need to pack some warm clothes forcold weather when I return. Another importantthing is to pack toiletries.WRITING TASKA Answers will vary. Possible answer:Natural hazard: earthquakeRisks: things fall over in homes, water stopsworking, need to evacuate, etc.Ideas for preparation: keep heavy or dangerousitems off of high shelves; have bottled water inhouse; pack an emergency evacuation bag, etc.B Answers will vary. Possible answer:Thesis Statement: To prepare for a largeearthquake, residents should pack emergencysupplies and secure any household items thatcould fall or cause injuries.Body ParagraphsTopic Sentence 1: First, make your home lessdangerous by moving household items around.Details: take heavy stuff off from high shelves;make sure high items are secured to walls; don’tsleep near things that can fall down on you, etc.Topic Sentence 2: Second, preparing anevacuation plan ahead of time will make gettingto a safe place quicker in an emergency situation.Details: pack an emergency bag with essentials;store extra shoes in an accessible place; haveeveryone in the family agree on a place to meet ifseparated, etc.Concluding ParagraphSummary Statement: By being prepared foran evacuation and making your home as safe asNational Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer Keypossible, residents can increase their chance ofsurvival.Final Thought: We may not be able to accuratelypredict earthquakes yet, but we should at leastbe prepared for them.REVISING PRACTICE1. c, a, b2. d. Sentence to cross out: The best places to look forcheap flights and hotel rooms are discount travelwebsites.e. First importantly ➞ Most importantlyf. Travelers should also … and keep copies indifferent parts of their luggage.EDITING PRACTICE1. People can prepare for fires by creating an escapeplan and discussing it with family members.2. Keep important papers and medicines in one place.3. If you need to take pets with you, pet carriers andextra pet food are important to have.4. Walk around your house and identify things you willneed to take.5. Pack a bag with clothes and necessities for eachfamily member.National Geographic LearningPathways 3 Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Answer KeyUnit 5 The Travel BusinessTHINK AND DISCUSSAnswers will vary. Possible answers:1. Tourism can bring a lot of money into a city, whichcan then be used to improve the city and itsservices.2. Tourism can cause overdevelopment in rural areas astowns or small cities build places to accommodatetourists. Natural areas may be destroyed in theprocess of this development.EXPLORE THE THEMEA Answers will vary. Possible answer:1. I think the cities all have fantastic food, reallyinteresting culture, and great shopping. Manypeople also travel there for business.2. Mass tourism injects a lot of money into a localeconomy, which in turn can be used to makethe infrastructure of a city or town better for itsresidents and visitors.B maintain; economy; distinctive (Note that it iseasy to mix up the adjectives distinctive anddistinct because they are used in rather similarways. Something that is distinctive has a qualitythat makes it stand out from others, whereasdistinct is used to describe something that isseparate or different.)Reading 1PREPARING TO READA 1. earn a living2. partnership3. alternativeB 1. b2. a3. a4. bC Answers will vary. Possible answers:1. I am from Hokkaido, Japan. Tourists come toHokkaido to ski in winter, but actually I think ourmost distinctive attraction is our many flower fieldsin summer. There aren’t many open, flat places inJapan, so Hokkaido offers a unique experience.2. My city government preserved a historic postoffice by turning it into a museum.D Answers will vary. Possible answers:Positive effects: The money that people pay fortheir tours may help protect the natural areas;People learn about why it is important to protecta natural place and help spread the word, etc.National Geographic Learning
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